ADVANCED COASTAL CRUISING STANDARD (106)

1. Describe the theory of true and apparent wind.
2. Describe the theory of sailing using force diagrams. Graphically find the center of effort and center of resistance of sails and keel, respectively.
3. Describe with the aid of diagrams the causes of lee and weather helm and methods of correcting them. Include the reasons for preference of slight weather helm, sail selection (including full sails or reefed sails), mast position and mast rake.
4. Describe sail shapes and sail interactions as needed for different wind strengths and points of sail. Describe the effects on sail shape and sail interactions when adjusting the following:

   - Luff tension	- Outhaul	- Downhaul
   - Leech line	- Boomvang	- Cunningham
   - Backstay tension	- Jib fairleads	- Jib sheet tension
   - Mainsheet	- Traveller	-

   Weather
5. Identify how to use a barometer and a thermometer either singly or together to assist in predicting weather.
6. Describe cirrus, cirrostratus, altocumulus, stratocumulus, cumulonimbus and cumulus clouds and the weather expected to be associated with each.
7. Describe local weather in relation to thermal winds and prevailing winds.
8. Describe three sources of weather information available to yachtsmen in the United States.
   Seamanship
9. Describe the proper selection of sails on a given boat for all weather conditions and give reasons for the selection made.
10. Describe the appropriate heavy weather precautions for the boat selected and describe how they are carried out. Include sail changes, use of special equipment (safety harness, sea anchor), doubling up of gear, special checks in areas liable to chafe, stowage of equipment (above and below decks), additional checks on condition of bilge, special arrangements for towing dinghy/tender (if used), problems of fatigue, selection of clothing, and the need of at least two on deck at all times.
11. Describe all the steps to be taken by skipper and crew for "heaving to" and "lying ahull."
12. Describe the methods Of rafting at anchor and the possible problems with day and night rafting.
13. Describe how to prevent the tender/dinghy from riding up and bumping the vessel’s hull while anchored at night.
14. Describe step by step how to secure a boat overnight with one anchor and stem made fast to the shore or dock.
15. Describe two methods of using a second anchor to reduce swinging.
16. Describe four different methods of recovering an anchor which is fouled on the bottom.
17. Describe when and how to use a trip line and an anchor buoy.
18. Describe when and how to set an anchor watch and the responsibilities of such a watch.
19. Describe how to:
    • Prepare a towing bridle
    • Pass a tow to another boat
    • Get underway with a tow and which speeds to use
    • Avoid fouling the propeller
    • Avoid danger of towline parting under stress
    • Make proper lookout arrangements
20. List from memory the visual distress signals listed in the applicable U. S. Coast Guard publications.
21. Describe how the boat should be handled and what actions should be taken when the following emergencies occur while under sail-
    • The boat is dismasted
    • The boat runs aground on a lee shore
22. Describe how the boat should be handled and what remedial action should be taken when the following emergencies occur while under power:
    • Me engine cooling water fails to flow.
    • The engine fails in a crowded anchorage.
    • The engine fails in a busy charmer.
23. State the fuel tank capacity and range of the selected boat and thefactors that could affect its range.
24. State the water tank capacity on your boat and the minimum water requirement per person-
25. Describe the skipper's responsibilities and action for the following common courtesies and customs of yachtsmen:
    • Permission to board.
    • Permission and entitlement to come alongside.
    • Permission and entitlement to cross adjacent boats when rafted.
    • Rights of first boat at an anchorage.
    • Keep clear of boats racing (even though cruising boats may be the "stand on boats").
    • Offering assistance to yachtsmen in trouble.
    • Flag etiquette: National flag, Courtesy flag, Burgee/house flag, Dipping flag.
    • Lines dangling over side.
    • Fenders over side when underway.
    • Checking of boat's appearance (shipshape & Bristol).
26. List the documents required and the procedures followed when leaving and entering U.S. territorial waters.
    Engineering
27. Describe and demonstrate the appropriate collective measures for the following common engine problems as applicable to the boat selected:
    • Stoppage in fuel line
    • Burned and defective points
    • Fouled spark plug/injector problems
    • Carburetor icing (spring and fall sailing)
    • Unserviceable starter
    • Electrolysis
28. Describe when and how to carry out an oil change in the engine selected.
29. Describe the minimum preseason maintenance and checks given to the following:
    • Hull (including underwater fittings, electrical systems, painting, antifouling)
    • Spars and rigging (including electrolysis)
    • Sails
    Safety
30. Describe recommended permanent and temporary installation methods of grounding for lightning.
31. State the factors you would consider before allowing anyone to go swimming while the boat is at anchor.
32. State the danger of overhead power lines.
33. Describe the uses, capabilities and limitations of a portable radar reflector.

    SAILING SKILLS

    Boat Handling Under Sail (by Day and Night, 30 hours minimum ASA instructional program)

    A Certified Sailor has successfully demonstrated his or her ability to:

34. Act as helmsman and demonstrate the proper techniques of beating, reaching, running, tacking, jibing, heading up, heading down (bearing away) and luffing in approximately 20 knots of wind.
35. Work to weather to best advantage using wind shifts, tides and local geography.
36. Sail a compass course (within 10 degrees) with sails ed.
37. Demonstrate correct methods of towing a dinghy.
38. Properly carry out nighttime man overboard procedures.
39. Demonstrate correct procedures for hoisting, setting, trimmings, jibing, dousing and packing a spinnaker.*
40. Anchor, weigh anchor, pick up and cast off moorings while acting as helmsman and/or crew.
41. Demonstrate how to take a sounding using two different methods.
42. Stand a navigation watch during a passage of about 20 miles by night and 20 miles by day and demonstrate all of the skims required for the ASA Coastal Navigation Standard.

*Spinnaker work is optional. The certifying instructor will indicate spinnaker use in the certification box on page

A Certified Sailor has successfully demonstrated his or her ability to:

1. Convert longitude into time.
2. Convert standard time and zone time to GMT and vice versa.
3. Calculate the zone time given longitude.
4. Calculate the chronometer (or watch) error given a previous error and the daily rate.
5. Apply the corrections for index error, dip of the horizon, and total correction to convert sextant altitudes of the sun, stars, planets, and moon to true altitudes.
6. Calculate the time of meridian passage of the sun and calculate the boat's latitude from the observed meridian altitude of the sun.
7. Determine the latitude at twilight by means of the Pole Star.
8. Solve the navigational triangle using a navigation table and show all appropriate work.,
9. Plot celestial lines of position on a Mercator projection or on a universal plotting sheet
10. Calculate the times (ship's and GMT) of sunrise, sunset and twilight.
11. Determine the approximate azimuths and altitudes of the navigational stars and planets at twilight.
12. Calculate and plot the lines of position obtained from observations of several celestial bodies at twilight and thus find the boat's position.
13. Advance the LOP obtained from a sun sight to another LOP obtained from the sun at a later time and find the boat's position using a running fix (sun-run-sun).
14. Calculate the true bearing of a low altitude celestial body in order to determine the error and deviation of the compass.

SAILING KNOWLEDGE

1. Plan a passage across the North Atlantic or Pacific and state the advantages, disadvantages and hazards of various routes. "Ocean Passages for the World", Climatic Charts, Great Circle Plotting Charts, plotting instruments, etc., must be used.
2. Plot a series of rhumb lines on a mercator chart to approximate a great circle route.
3. List the publications required for prudent navigation on an offshore passage to include the following:

   - Coastal charts and publications	- Work sheets
   - Ocean Passages for the World	- Nautical almanac
   - Sight reduction tables	- Plotting sheets

   Voyage Preparation

4. State the essential factors to be considered when selecting a vessel for an offshore ocean passage of at least 1000 miles:

   - Hull shape	- Hull construction	- Displacement
   - Rudder	- Keel	- Rig
   - Machinery	- Water capacity	- Fuel capacity
   - Sails	- Interior layout	-

5. List all items essential for minor repairs to vessel and rigging.
6. Describe various items required to prevent chafe.
7. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of three self steering methods/devices.
8. List all basic items necessary to repair sails.
9. Plan meals for a minimum of four people on a seven day offshore passage.
10. Describe the proper methods of preserving/storing food and the expected storage life of all food.
11. State the factors to be considered when selecting crew members for an offshore passage:

    - Health	- Attitude	- Compatibility
    - Experience	- Physical capability	-

12. Describe suitable clothing for the voyage.
13. State a source of obtaining advanced first aid information while on an offshore passage.
14. Identify and describe the basic treatment of potential medical problems.
15. Describe methods of preventing injury to the cook or nearby persons while cooking at sea.
16. List the items carried in a proper first aid kit for an offshore passage.
17. Prepare and file a passage plan.
    Shipboard Routines

18. Describe three (3) watchkeeping systems and their applicatior4 advantages and disadvantages.
19. Describe alternate watchkeeping arrangements in the event crew members are incapacitated.
20. Describe the duties of the watch and off watch.
21. Establish a routine, schedule to periodically maintain the following items:

    - Bilges	- Sea cocks	- Rigging
    -	- Hatches	- Helm
    - Galley & supplies	- Fuel and water	- Machinery
    - Safety equipment	- Electronic equipment	-

22. Set up a routine schedule for vessel cleaning.
    Emergency Procedures

23. Describe how to rig a trailing man overboard line with an alarm.
24. Describe an alternative method of alerting the crew to a man overboard situation. State other emergency situations when you should limit the use of this device.
25. Describe what actions should be taken when a man overboard is not located on the first pass.
26. Describe how to organize the crew for a routine fire drill.
27. Describe possible methods of jury rigging your vessel in the event of dismasting and what course you would then assume.
28. Describe proper actions you would take after your vessel has been struck by lightning.
29. List essential survival items to be kept in a standby kit in the event you are forced to abandon ship offshore.
30. Describe additional items useful for your survival and rescue.
31. State the dangers you might encounter in a small rubber liferaft at sea.
32. List safety equipment you would cam in addition to that required by the United States Coast Guard.
    Rules of the Road
33. Know and apply the 1972 International Regulation for Preventing Collision at Sea (Navigation Rules) quickly and correctly in order to maintain safe navigation in any waters day and night-
34. List eight of ten international distress signals.

    SAILING SKILLS

35. Acted as skipper and crew on an offshore passage of no less than 72 hours and 100 NM without touching land.

    A Certified Sailor has successfully demonstrated his or her ability to:

36. Obtain a celestial fix using a sun-run-sun or three (3) celestial bodies.
37. Obtain a celestial heading cheek.
38. Apply all sailing knowledge stated in the ASA Celestial Navigation Standard.

It is a daysailing standard on monohull or multihull sailboats less than 20 feet in length and without a fixed, weighted keel. Seperate Basic Small Boat Certifications are provided for centerboard and multihull sailboats.

SAILING KNOWLEDGE

1. Identify and describe the following:

   - hull	- deck	- bow & stern
   - transom	- mast	- mast step
   - boom	- gooseneck	- shrouds
   - forestay	- centerboard	- daggerboard trunk
   - spreader	-	-

2. Identify and describe the functions of the following items on a sailboat:

   - mainsheet	- jib sheet(s)	- rudder
   - tiller	- traveller	- tiller extension
   - halyard(s)	- outhaul	- cunningham
   - boomvang	- downhault	- boom topping lift
   - jib fairlead	- shackle	- bailers
   - cleats	- telltails	- stays & shrouds
   - hiking straps	- fenders	- buoyancy tanks
   - winches	- centerboard/daggerboard	- leeboard

3. Define the following terms:

   - portt	- starboard	- skipper & crew
   - helmsman	- forward	- aft
   - tacking	- gybing	- running rigging
   - ahead	- astern	- standing rigging
   - windward	- leeward	- beam
   - abeam	- heel	-

4. Identify the following sails and parts of a sail:

   - mainsail	- jib	- spinnaker	- luff
   - leech	- head	- foot	- tack
   - clew	- battens	- bolt rope	- jib hanks
   - batten pockets	-	-	-

5. Describe the following terms and points of sail and identify them from diagrams:

   - head to wind	- in-irons	- luffing
   - starboard tack	- port tack	- close hauled
   - close reach	- beam reach	- broad reach
   - running	- heading up	- heading down
   - windward boat	- leeward boat	- sailing by the lee

6. Apply the "Rules of the Road"(International and Inland "Navigation Rules" for prevention of collision) for:
   • port tack and starboard tack sailboats
   • overtaking situation
   • windward and leeward sailboat
   • powerboat and sailboat
   • combinations of the above

7. Describe the danger and common location of overhead power lines as they relate to sailing and trailering.]
8. Describe the danger of cold and hot weather (hypothermia and heat exhausion) and why a sailor should always wear shoes and life preserver.
9. Describe and react to local navigation hazards including tides and/or currents and how to avoid or reduce their effects.
10. Use the personal international distress signal (raising and lowering both arms at the same time).

    SAILING SKILLS

    A certified Sailor has demonstrated his or her ability to:

11. Tread water for a minimum of 5 (five) minutes and swim a minimum of 100 yards without touching any object.

    Gear and Equipment:

12. Select, put on and properly secure a personal flotation device on land and in the water.
13. Select proper clothing for sailing.
14. Properly rig, launch, and retrieve the specified boat (dry sail -hoist, beach rack - dolly, dock, or mooring).
15. Safely get into and out of the specified boat at a dock in shallow water and in open water.
16. Properly stow and secure all loose gear and rigging on the candidate's boat.
17. Without an instructor onboard and without direction, while acting as helmsman (and again as crew), sail away from a dock and mooring, sail an upwind and a downwind course and return to the dosk and mooring in familiar waters, in light to moderate winds & sea conditions.
18. Clear halyards and sails, hoist the basic sails, set appropriate luff tension, checkn for stopper knots and secure halyard tails.
19. Leave a dock, mooring or beach completely prepared, in control in various wind directions.
20. Select and use the correct approach on returning to the mooring, beach or dock while under control, at slow speed, and with various wind directions.
21. Sail closer to the womd as helmsman (on commad).
22. Quickly trim sails correctly as crew.
23. Use proper commands: "heading-up, sheet in" ... "sheeting in".
24. Steer away from wind as helsman (on Command).
25. Ease and then trim sails correctly as crew.
26. Use proper commands: "heading down, ease sheets" .."easing sheets".
27. Quickly bring the specified boat to a close reach as helmsman (on command) and immediately ease the sheets (luff sails) to stop the boat as crew.
28. Place the specified boat "in irons" (head to wind and not moving) as helmsman (as well as crew) and then sail off in a predetermined direction using proper rudder control and backing of the sails.
29. Select and maintain a given course without changing the point of sail as helmsman.
30. Trim sails correclty as crew.
31. Maintain proper for-and-aft boat trim as helsman and crew.
32. Reduce excessive heel (as helmsman and crew) using:
    • weight distribution,
    • rudder control,
    • sail trim and
    • combination of these methods.

33. Select as helmsman the new close hauled course prior to a tack and then hold the new course following the tack while controlling the main.
34. Release the jib sheet as crew and trim the new sheet at the proper time and control the main when asked.
35. Use proper commands: "ready about" - "ready" - "helms-a-lee" or "hard-a-lee" - "trim the course".
36. Select as helmsman the new broad reach course prior to a gybe while controlling the main.
37. Release the jib sheet as crew and trim the new sheet at the proper time and control the main when asked.
38. Use proper commands:
    "ready to gybe" - "ready" - "gybe-ho" - "trim to course".

    Steering Rules

39. Correctly apply as helmsman the basic steering and sailing rules governing:
    • port tack and starboard tack sailboats
    • windwars and leeward sailboats
    • overtaking situation
    • powerboats and sailboat
    • combination of the above

    Man Overboard

40. Demonstrate as helmsman/skipper and describe the proper actions to be taken from the time a person falls overboard without warning until the crew mwmber is safely recovered over the transom or over the side. Speed at this level, while important, is secondary to safety in perform,ing this procedure.

    Capsize and Recovery

41. Demonstrate safe capsize recovery (righting) techniques for a capsize candidates's boat. The "scoop method" may be used id appropriate.
42. Steer a sailboat by the lee for 100 yards without gybimg.
43. Steer a sailboat backwards for 20 yards with sails backed.
44. Accept and secure a towline with sails up well as with sails down.
45. Pass on a towline while underway.
46. Lower and secure jib while boat is nearly head to wind.
47. Lower and furl (with Assistance) main neatly.
48. Properly fold and bag (with assistance) all sails.

    Knots

49. Securely tie a sailboat to a dock and mooring.
50. Describe the function and tie the following knots without assistance:
    • bowline (20 secinds or less)
    • figure eights (15 seconds or less)
    • cleat hitch (15 seconds or less)
    • round turn and two half hitches (20 seconds or less)

ASA 113 may be taught in conjunction with Basic Coastal Cruising (103) on a multihull sailboat or as an additional course after Basic Coastal Cruising (103) has been accomplished on a monohull. In either case, ALL MATERIAL IN BOTH STANDARDS (103 & 113) MUST BE TAUGHT AND/OR TESTED BEFORE 113 CAN BE AWARDD.

General Description:certified sailors are able to cruise safely in local and regional waters as both skipper and crew on an auxiliary multihull sailboat of about 20-30 feet in length, in moderate wind conditions. The standard includes those skills different and/or unique to a multihull, either catamaran or trimaran including folding and trailering.